AKU: An African Journal of Contemporary Research

Climate change remains one of the fundamental global challenges of the 21st century with far-reaching implications for environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Although the African continent contributes relatively little to global greenhouse gas emissions, it faces severe consequences, including rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, desertification, flooding, etc. These changes in climatic conditions disrupt ecosystems, accelerate biodiversity loss, and threaten the livelihoods of communities that depend on natural resources for survival. This paper examines the relationship between climate change, environmental sustainability, and biodiversity in Africa, emphasizing how ecological systems are increasingly strained by both climatic pressures resulting from human activities such as deforestation, gas flaring, oil spillage, and unsustainable land use. It highlights the vulnerability of Africa's diverse ecosystems and the urgent need for adaptive and sustainable responses. Using a qualitative approach, the study draws on existing literature and policy frameworks to assess current efforts aimed at addressing environmental challenges across the continent. It argues that sustainable environmental management in Africa requires stronger governance, community-based strategies, and enhanced regional and international cooperation. The paper concludes that safeguarding Africa's biodiversity and ensuring environmental sustainability demands immediate and coordinated action. By integrating climate adaptation measures such as ecosystem-based adaptation and coastal protection with conservation efforts, African countries can build resilience and promote a more sustainable future.

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