IGWEBUIKE: African Journal of Arts and Humanities

The ethical debate surrounding euthanasia remains one of the most contentious issues in contemporary bioethics. Advances in medical technology have significantly prolonged human life, often resulting in situations where terminally ill patients endure prolonged pain and suffering with little hope of recovery. Consequently, questions concerning whether individuals possess the moral and legal right to choose the timing and manner of their death have become increasingly important (Beauchamp and Childress 56). This article examines euthanasia through the ethical principles of patient autonomy and moral responsibility. It critically evaluates arguments supporting euthanasia, particularly those emphasizing respect for individual autonomy, relief of suffering, and preservation of dignity, alongside objections grounded in the sanctity of life, professional medical ethics, and the potential abuse associated with legalizing euthanasia (Keown 74). Drawing upon Kantian ethics, utilitarianism, and contemporary bioethical discourse, the study argues that although respect for autonomy is an indispensable ethical principle, autonomous choices must be exercised within a broader framework of moral responsibility that considers the interests of patients, healthcare professionals, families, and society (Singer 182). The article concludes that ethical decision-making concerning euthanasia requires balancing personal liberty with the preservation of human dignity, justice, and the integrity of medical practice (Beauchamp and Childress 112). Such a balanced approach offers a more comprehensive ethical framework for addressing end-of-life decisions in modern healthcare.

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