MAKURDI OWL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY

The discourse on development has traditionally been dominated by economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), Tindustrialisation, and infrastructural expansion, often neglecting the ethical, cultural, and human dimensions that constitute genuine human flourishing. This article interrogates the relationship between philosophy and development, arguing that development must transcend mere material growth to embrace a holistic understanding of human well-being, justice, and sustainability. Drawing from classical, modern, and contemporary philosophical frameworks, the paper examines Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia, Kantian autonomy, Hegelian freedom, and Marxist materialism, juxtaposed with Amartya Sen's capability approach and Martha Nussbaum's model of human development. It critically evaluates dominant neoliberal paradigms while highlighting the necessity of grounding development in ethical values, social justice, and respect for human dignity. Furthermore, the article explores the ethical dilemmas inherent in modern developmental practices, such as the tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability, technological innovation and human welfare, and global uniformity versus cultural diversity. It proposes an integrative philosophical framework that prioritises participatory governance, ecological stewardship, and inclusive policy-making as essential pathways toward sustainable development. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, the study demonstrates that philosophy provides the critical tools to interrogate assumptions, redefine priorities, and promote a more equitable and value-driven model of progress. Ultimately, the paper argues that without philosophical reflection, development risks becoming dehumanised and unsustainable. It calls for a renewed interdisciplinary approach where ethical reasoning, cultural values, and human dignity become central in shaping developmental agendas.

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