VEJOH - VERITAS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES

The resurgence of the March 23 (M23) rebellion in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) reflects a persistent cycle of conflict rooted in the exploitation of mineral resources, weak governance, and regional rivalries. This paper investigates how the DRC’s vast mineral wealth—particularly coltan, gold, and diamonds—continues to finance insurgent groups and exacerbate insecurity. Employing a qualitative research design, the study draws on both primary sources, including interviews with regional experts and analysis of official documents, and secondary sources such as scholarly articles, policy reports, and media accounts. Using a conflict analysis framework, it explores the root causes, key actors, and evolving dynamics of the M23 insurgency, while also examining the role of illicit trade networks and external geopolitical interests. The paper critically evaluates international responses— including peacekeeping efforts, diplomatic negotiations, and sanctions by the United Nations, African Union, and East African Community—highlighting their limitations and unintended consequences. By identifying gaps in current conflict resolution approaches, the study proposes context-specific policy recommendations aimed at achieving durable peace. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of resource-driven conflicts and the challenges of international engagement in fragile state environments.

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